Urban Design and Contemporary Buildings

Contemporary Architects are invariably forcing the bounds when planing edifices and are traveling against taking Urban Theorists in how new developments should associate to their environing context and how urban design rules should utilised to make fresh urban infinites. The extent at which Architects and Designers are withstanding the environment context to plan edifices can be seen as debatable and has led to the milieus being perceived in a negative mode. Such as when the historical facets of the urban scene are being subjected to modern-day edifices, can these edifices coincide to supply a positive impact and how do they sit side by side with each other as old and new but still supply the cardinal facets of urban design ( Tomback, n. vitamin D: 5 ) ? Traditional urban theoreticians such as Kevin Lynch, Gordon Clutch, Jane Jacobs and Christian Alexander and many more, who are interior decorators and authors have documented and provided theories on how urban infinites should be interpreted for urban design. Urban Design is a procedure used to do topographic points better for people which otherwise would hold been produced ( Carmona, Tiesdell, Heath & A ; Oc, 2010: 3 ) . The Essay will concentrate on how modern-day interior decorators such as Daniel Libeskind, Frank Gehry, Rem Koolhaas, Will Alsop and Zaha Hadid and more have created edifices which have become accepted in the urban scene because they provide positive effects. To understand how modern-day edifice interior decorators have provided positive effects on the urban scene is the usage of the chief rules of urban design which are people, topographic points, political relations and economic sciences ( Carmona, Tiesdell, Heath & A ; Oc, 2010: 3 ) . Using instance surveies from assorted modern-day edifices which have been perceived as misunderstood due to plan can be used to analyze how these edifice have created positive impacts in footings of consciousness to the environing country and have hence been accepted into the urban scene. Urban design rules are being used to make successful edifices that are connected to their contextual milieus. But modern-day edifices by interior decorators are utilizing urban design rules but are non sing the context but in making so they are later bring forthing positive effects in reinvigorating the urban scene. Due to the fact that in the past century technological promotions have led people to go progressively nomadic, while metropoliss are non and are stationary. Cities have to constantly seek method to derive attractive force for economic benefits, they do this by sharing their history and cultural heritage to supply a better sense of life and work environment to pull investors. Councils strive to set their towns and metropoliss on the map by utilizing the counsel of urban theoreticians to obtain an urban design vision ( Cousseran et al, 2006: 31 ) . Iconic edifices are being designed to derive the lead in this competitory race for attending by utilizing modern-day edifices to heighten the prestigiousness of the metropolis. Planing Iconic edifices can increase the metropoliss reputation through deriving an addition in population, new investings and an addition in touristry taking to economic regeneration. Such was the instance in Venice in the Renaissance epoch by pulling all the designers, creative persons and craftsmen they were able to build memorials and graphicss which led to commercial prosperity and being known as â€Å"the metropolis in love with itself† ( Cousseran et al, 2006: 31 ) . Contemporary edifices are being designed in metropoliss to make better investing environments to demo that they mean concern. They are besides utilizing urban infinites to make consciousness, taking to some modern-day interior decorators to seek urban design undertakings ( Cousseran et al, 2006: 31 ) . Economic advantages for planing utilizing modern-day edifice designs are cardinal constituents to the entreaty of modern-day designs in the urban scene. Therefore, architecture in modern-day footings is non merely idea of as economically feasible or for economic additions. Contemporary edifices are used to symbolize wealth and aesthetic beauty in the urban environment, they are iconic sculptural exhibits for the populace, something that people can mass and flock towards and to do indigens proud. The success of the Guggenheim Museum in Balboa ( figure 1 ) designed by Frank Gehry was due to its modern-day design and has shown what modern-day architecture can portray to reinvigorate the urban scene. The edifice design put one of the largest metropoliss in Spain on the map, during a clip of economic and societal diminution. The positive result of the Guggenheim Museum in balboa has in bend divine towns to mime and make reproductions of Bilbao’s success, taking to what is now known as the â€Å"Bilbao effect† ( Cousseran et al, 2006: 31 ) . The Guggenheim Museum has for the environing part created better prosperity for the metropolis. In the 1980s Bilbao was enduring from rapid societal struggles and force, taking to many companies retreating investings and go forthing to other more comfortable metropoliss. The authorities decided to that it required a regeneration undertaking to better the metropolis ( Cousseran et al, 2006: 31 ) . Receiving international exhilaration and positive reappraisals immediately projected the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao into planetary headlines. The touristry industry boomed conveying in 800,000 to 1,000,000 people in yearly of which 90 % were from outside of the state. The economic impact of the Guggenheim Museum which required $ 124.8 million in support has continuously paid this back many times over, taking to the council being able to better the urban scene by developing new hotels, conveyance systems, map halls and public assemblage locations such as Parkss, coffeehouse and public graphics and sculptures. The â€Å"Bilbao effect† came into consequence thanks to Frank Gehry, to the general populace this may non be important but to urban contrivers, politicians and Museum art managers it means the transmutation of metropoliss by making new social/cultural edifices to pull occupants, tourers and investors ( The Art Newspaper, 2007: 1 ) . Figure 1: Guggenheim Museum – Bilbao ( User: MykReeve, 2005 ) Although Frank Gehry was internationally successful for the usage of modern-day architecture in the urban environment, there have been instances where Frank Gehry’s work was non ab initio accepted. Not all modern-day designers are critically appraised on their modern-day edifice designs. There are instances where modern-day edifices are met with controversial unfavorable judgment. Much like Frank Gehry’s modern-day constructing the ‘Nationale-Nederlanden’ in Prague ( Figure 2 ) and his ain place in Santa Monica ( figure 3 ) , which were met with unfavorable judgment. The Nationale-Nederlanden in Prague is besides known as the Dancing House because of its alone form, dimensions and signifier. Controversy about the edifice was due to the fact that locals in the environing countries of which the edifice was constructed, occupied a historic urban background with edifices being of 19Thursdaycentury neo-renaissance manner and they disliked the difference in contrast. After 10 old ages of statements over the modern-day edifice, modern Prague is now observing the controversial edifice as being an iconic edifice which is pulling people. It was even awarded the honor of being the concluding gold coin in Prague for a series known as the â€Å"10 centuries of architecture† in 2005 by the Czech National Bank ( Dancing House, Prague, n.d ) . Even Frank Gehry’s place in Santa Monica was met by unfavorable judgment due to its assorted signifiers and the usage of stuffs which were disliked by the neighbouring occupants for non suiting into the environing context. The edifice received the 25 twelvemonth award for being a edifice which has stood the trial of clip by the AIA. After the old ages of success, people are sing the place like a tourer attractive force ( Frank Gehry House, n.d ) . Figure 2:The Dancing House – PragueFigure 3:Frank Gehry Home – Santa Monica ( Quinzani, 2008 ) ( User: Cygnusloop99, 2011 ) Even though these edifice were controversial at the clip they were constructed due to their strong contrast with the remainder of the urban scene over clip they have been able to travel past these disagreements, which has in bend led to more positive effects on the urban scene by making a more active and booming environment. The success of the Guggenheim Museum and credence in Bilbao was to make with the combined overall planning by the metropolis governments which worked hard on the development, because they were think about the hereafter of their metropolis ( Klingman, 2007: 248 ) . The same can be said about the Dancing House ( Nationale-Nederlanden ) in Prague, even though the edifice was met with unfavorable judgment because of its design the first President of the Czech Republic, Vaclav Havel who lived near to the edifice was a known subscriber and played an active function in acquiring the edifice constructed. The edifice was accepted by 68 % of the occupants and was allowed t o get down into a building stage, the edifice is now Prague’s foremost illustration of modern-day modern architecture and is often visited by tourers ( Bridges, 2011: 552 ) . There are many modern-day designers and interior decorators making modern-day architecture which seem to hold no relevancy in the traditional urban environment. But these interior decorators are able to utilize urban design rules, which are people, topographic point, political relations and economic sciences to positively heighten the environing urban infinite. I used Frank Gehry for my instance surveies in this essay to demo that as a prima modern-day designer his edifices consider the urban design rules but through utilizing iconic signifiers. Not ever are his designs met with positive responses because of the undoubtedly strong contrast to their milieus but they do make positive urban infinites and over clip they can go accepted into the urban scene. Bibliography The Art Newspaper. , ( 2007 ) .The â€Å"Bilbao Effect† : from hapless port to must-see metropolis,available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lord.ca/Media/TheArtNewspaper32-33Museums.pdf[ Accessed 3rd January 2015 ] , pp. 1. Tomback, D. H. ,Contemporary architecture in urban historical context,available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ehhf.eu/sites/g/files/g1439326/f/201407/Workshop 2.pdf [ Accessed 3rd January 2015 ] , pp. 5. Galinsky.com. ,Dancing house, Prague. available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.galinsky.com/buildings/dancinghouse/ [ Accessed 3rd January 2015 ] . Timeout.com.Frank Gehry House. , available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.timeout.com/los-angeles/things-to-do/frank-gehry-house [ Accessed 3rd January 2015 ] . Klingman, A, . ( 2007 ) . Brandscape: Architecture in the Experience Economy, available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //contemporaryurbananthropology.com/pdfs/Klingmann, % 20Beyond % 20Bilbao.pdf [ Accessed 3rd January 2015 ] , pp. 248. Bridges 2011: Mathematicss, Music, Art, Architecture, Culture, ( 2011 ) .A Brief Review of Frank O. Gehry and the Nationale- Nederlande Building,available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //archive.bridgesmathart.org/2011/bridges2011-551.pdf [ Accessed 3rd January 2015 ] , pp. 552. Carmona, M. , Tiesdell, S. , Heath, T. & A ; Oc, T. ( 2010 )Public Places – Urban Spaces, 2neodymiumedition. [ on-line ] Elsevier Ltd. Available from:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dawsonera.com/readonline/9781856179041 [ Accessed 3rd January 2015 ] , pp. 3. Cousseran et Al, ( 2006 ) Urban Design Futures. [ on-line ] USA & A ; Canada, Routledge. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.tandfebooks.com.ezproxy.liv.ac.uk/doi/view/10.4324/9780203601723 [ Accessed 3rd January 2015 ] , pp. 31. Figure 1, User: MykReeve ( 2005 )TheGuggenheim Museum Bilbao, along theNervion Riverin business districtBilbao[ Photograph ] . Available from hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Foundation # mediaviewer/File: Guggenheim-bilbao-jan05.jpg ( Accessed 3rd January 2015 ) . Figure 2, Quinzan, D, . ( 2008 ) , [ Photograph ] . Available from hypertext transfer protocol: //commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Case_danzanti.jpg ( Accessed 3rd January 2015 ) . Figure 3, User: Cygnusloop99 ( 2011 )Frank Gehry ‘s house in a classy country in Santa Monica. It is built upon an old house, with new elements added into the frame.[ Photograph ] . Available from hypertext transfer protocol: //commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Gehry_House_-_Image01.jpg ( Accessed 3rd January 2015 ) .

How Man Is Changing the Environment and Biomes

How is man changing environment or biomes? Man is drastically changing the environment with all the needs he has. Humans cut down entire forests in the course of a month. Then we build buildings in its place making it impossible for anything to grow there. Those trees were a crucial part to the ecosystem and environment, which are now changed forever. We also drive cars, which emit exhaust, which in turn hurts our ozone layer and heats up the Earth. Once the ozone layer is damaged the ice caps melt a little and now the entire environment is changed, all thanks to man.Not to mention that biomes are changed as well due to global warming; the ice caps melt a little and the world gets hotter, thus the biomes near the sea are changed because the water level rises and the weather there is hotter. Another way man is changing biomes and the environment around the world is by building cities. Humans build new buildings every day and those buildings take up space, space that was once a tree, a bit of grassland, or maybe a little pond.The cities we build are all around the world and some of the places where those cities are used to be entire ecosystems. For example the Thames and the area surrounding it in London, England; they were once their own environment and we built over the land surrounding the river and dumped a bunch of garbage into the Thames. The same goes for Denver; it lies on a mountain, the area it lies on used to have creeks and trees, but now it just has buildings and roads. Another part of the environment changed forever due to us humans.

Marketing and Different Vendors Essay

Having multi-vendor partnerships has its advantages and disadvantages. In the long run, supporting such a partnership would be difficult to maintain. Here are some of the concerns: * Change: Hardware and software requires constant upgrades to keep up with the technology changes. Changes in systems from multiple vendors can cause integration problems and requires a rigid process of testing and configuration. * Knowledge: IT staff must be well-trained in all the systems of the multi-vendor environment. Without a good IT support, the harder it is to find the source of the problem, and the longer it takes for them to resolve it. * Communication: In-house IT staff may have all the knowledge on the systems in the multi-vendor environment, but sometimes support from the vendors is required. In such cases, a support engineer is required to communicate with other support engineer, and it would be easier if it is done within the organization, but this is not usually the case. . Focusing IT on top line requires bringing in revenue for the company by increasing sales, whereas focusing IT on the bottom line requires bringing the cost down by reducing on operating cost. Focusing IT on the top line is more challenging because IT is not able to control who and when someone will actually buy the products and services. On the other hand, focusing IT on the bottom line can be predictable as there are sets of parameters within he organization that can be controlled, for example, reducing the number of employees. 3. Some ways for IT to bring in revenue is by increasing the number of customers and retaining customers. To increase the number of customers, IT systems such as online marketing tools can help to generate sales leads and increase customer awareness by sending out emails or direct mailers to potential customers. Such tools can help in segmenting customer profiles and evaluate the performance of the marketing campaign.

The Coca-Cola Company Financial Results Analysis Essay

The Coca-Cola Company Financial Results Analysis - Essay Example The first one being sales volume growth, structural changes, positive price/mix approximated at 3 percent and most important acquisition of the Great Plains Coca-Cola Bottling Company (â€Å"The Coca-Cola Company†, 2012). North American segment is a very sensitive market taking into consideration that the consumers have become highly health conscious owing to the escalating cases of obesity and other lifestyle diseases associated with high sugar and calories diet and beverages. This claim can be justified that â€Å"still beverages† recorded a 7 percent volume gain in North America segment while traditional sodas volume was flat as from the previous year (Choi Ap, 2012). This means that most Americans have found a new and better taste in less sugary beverages such as Powerade sports drinks and Fuze teas. North America is an important growth segment for Coca Cola Company and this explain the reasons why the company has become more innovative to find better ratio and alte rnatives to consumers who are health conscious (â€Å"Emerging markets†, 2012). For instance, Coca Cola Company came up with a mini-cans targeting consumers watching their diet. Coke Zero is another example of an initiative by the company to tap into the highly health sensitive north America segment as the drink stands out to the best alternative to traditional soda brands provided by the company. It is noteworthy that Coke Zero recorded a 9 percent volume gain in the North America segment. 2. The drivers of profitability Notable drivers for profitability during the third quarter were the global volume gain in developed and emerging market. According to Ziobro (2012), the coca cola company recorded volume boom in almost all its segments with significant volume growth in emerging markets such as India and Thailand. The company recorded a global volume gain of 4 percent in its third quarter earnings(Zacks Equity Research, 2012). Similar characteristics marked by growth in sales volume was evident in geographical operating segments considering that the developed and the emerging markets recorded a 2 percent and 7 percent growth respectively. Data from each geographical operating segment were as follows; Eurasia and Africa Group +11%, Europe Group +1, Latin America Group +5, North America Group +2, and finally Pacific Group +3 (â€Å"The Coca-Cola Company†, 2012). It is believed that the strong volume growth in different markets segments will play an important role in boosting coca cola company earnings in future despite the growing competition from key competitors such as PepsiCo. 3. Earnings per Share results Coca Cola Company reported $0.50 Earnings Per Share (EPS) in its third quarter report while the Earnings Per Share (EPS) of the previous financial year was $0.48 which demonstrates a growth in EPS though the company claims that it met the analyst expectation of$0.51 (Zacks Equity Research, 2012). The comparable EPS for the current third quarte r was $0.51 meaning that it fell short by $0.01. The increase in EPS in the current financial year (third quarter) is attributable to increase

Memo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Memo - Assignment Example Though both clearly have reasonable motives, they are not the people we are looking for who would be fit for the job, looking at it in a long-term point of view. I understand that the company would be exerting effort in looking for someone equipped for the position and the training they would have to be exposed to, to get a clear understanding of how our company operates. However, I see bigger risks and costs for the company to absorb employees that are not willing to adapt to the demands of the company, whenever the need for it arises since this could mean lowered performance, weakening of the company’s equity, and lost sales/clients. I hope you consider my decision based on the arguments above which is mainly an initiative to safe keep our company’s reputation and identity. McGhan, Meredith. "The Cost of Hiring the Wrong Employee | Writing Assistance, Inc.." Writing Assistance, Inc. - Technical, Training, Medical and Marketing Writers. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2013.

Anthropological gender and sexuality and how cultural relativism Essay

Anthropological gender and sexuality and how cultural relativism - Essay Example He died in 2004 after committing suicide. Anthropologists’ analysis reveals that money has been used to change gender identities in the history as well as today. This approach to intersex has been widely used in the developed world such in treating children with sex anatomy problems. Gender roles vary across culture, in that, women perform domestic works while men work in offices, provide security and indeed provide for their families (Visvanathan et al. 78). In the Medline articles, a study conducted in Namibia, Africa shows how men are given priorities to practice polygamy. In the seventeenth century, men and women were assigned with different tasks in the American society. In a family, men provided security and wealth while women performed the domestic works as well as raising the children (Visvanathan et al. 79). Nowadays, the women are working in offices as men, providing for their family as well as having several sexual partners. In some African communities, women still perform the home tasks despite the current civilization. Gender inequalities have been caused by some ideologies that give men more power over women (Visvanathan et al. 90). In African communities, the fact that women are exchanged with money or other forms of wealth such cattle have created gender inequalities for the past years. With the civilization, men are still not ready to support ideologies advocating for gender equality since this would lead to culture crash. Some ideologists advocate for the protection of cultures, beliefs and traditions. In most societies, however, sexual violence against women has been observed (Visvanathan et al. 128). The women’s occupational and educational status remains low since the culture is protected against intervention by foreign parties. However, with the introduction of international human rights commissions and

Performance art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Performance art - Essay Example It makes the audience visualize, mentally and self-consciously, the performances that they connect to in their everyday lives. Performance artists present their ideas to the audience by performing roles that we play in our real lives, like political roles, social relationships, economic functions, and cultural customs and rituals. Performance art makes these roles and relationships unequivocal and more overt, so that the audience can relate to them and reflect upon them using their own minds and perspectives. However, performance art also needs expertise in singing, dancing, and acting, like other forms of art, to be expressive enough. These skills make the performance really compelling, making the minds of the audience sway away to places they have not been before. To name a few performance artists, the mainstream press considers Lady Gaga and Mitt Romney two of the most profound performance artists of

The Phase of Student Age From Personal Experience Essay

The Phase of Student Age From Personal Experience - Essay Example The essay "The Phase of Student Age From Personal Experience" talks about the student age which often is referred as the golden age of a person’s life. This golden age, as we are provided with it, doesn’t hold all the goods in it. As a student, we are faced with all the different challenges of life like any other struggling person. Then why call it a golden age? It’s because of the experiences that we get to go through being a student. Studying in an institute getting to know people with mutual interests and goals in life and working under a superior who will help us guide to the aim of our life, this doesn’t happen in any other aspect of life where one gets to meet so many people who are trying to do the same thing. It is through these facets of the golden age that we get to learn so many things as a student. We are provided different challenges working as an individual and managing work in a group. The friendship that we have and how it is put to test when the same pals get to be rivals of each other. I learned that working as an individual has its advantages it also has some disadvantage. Nothing is perfect and doesn’t come with all pros. When I mention the pros for working as an individual I would foremost like to mention that when one is working alone, they have all the authority to themselves. They can make decisions and wouldn’t have to argue with anyone about following them. They are the leader and they are the follower. They set their own rules and then act upon them according to their desires.

Reading Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Reading Journal - Essay Example The story continues when Lengel, who is the manager at the supermarket, comes and confronts the girls on their dressing at that time. Apart from being a manager, we are told he teaches at Sunday school to mean that he is a man of God. He condemns their dressing and even insists that it is against the policy of the supermarket to dress that way. That kind of dressing was meant for the beach. Because of this confrontation, Sammy sees this as an embarrassment to the women and in the juncture quits his job, and downs his work tools. This gesture is not noticed by any of the women. Lengel tries to persuade Sammy that it was going to be hard for him to without a job but he listens to none of that and walks out of the supermarket. This story is rich in themes that are outright from the events of the story. One of such themes is that of growing up in life. The story is told of a young man who is in his adolescent age of 19 years. The boy, Sammy, experiences adolescent changes and attraction to the opposite sex. Both Sammy and Stokesie react to the beauty of the women in the supermarket. They react to their appearance in a sensual manner by observing their moves and body features. The women are also in their youth probably the same age as that of Sammy. They dress in a way that the old like Lengel deem indecent but Sammy sees nothing wrong with it. This is shown by the event where Sammy wants to quit his job because he purports that the manager has embarrassed the girls. These issues happen to the youth as they grow up. They fail to distinguish love and relationship issues and end up making choices that are regrettable in a way. Sammy is infatuated with one of the women whom he nicknames as Queenie and he literally stares at her and even gets jealous of the way the woman blushes at Lengel’s confrontations. He is so crazy about the woman that when they have been â€Å"embarrassed† he gets annoyed and

Sexual attraction Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sexual attraction - Research Paper Example Human sexuality has many aspects related to physiology and psychology. Biological or physiological aspects of sexuality are related to the continuity of human generation in the world. Without sexual relationship, it is impossible to sustain the generations by living things. Nature has given the sexual attraction to all the living things in order to sustain their species on earth. Psychological aspects of sexuality are related to the relaxation of mental stress. Sexual relationship is one way for the living things to release their emotional energies. Sex is a divine thing given to all living things by nature. It should be used for constructive things rather than destructive things. Sex related crimes and abuses are increasing day by day everywhere in the world. Even small children were sexually abused by elders in the current century. The total unawareness of sexuality and sexual relationship is leading to such abuses. People are engaged in sexual abuses because of the emotional dominance over their wisdom. Diana Russell has reported from his studies that in a sample of 930 women she has studied, 38% has been sexually abused before the age of eighteen (Hastings, p.20) The adolescent period is a stage in which infatuation dominates all other wisdom. People at this stage may not know much about the good and evil. They will act based on their physiological and psychological needs. Barriers may not have any place during this period and they often engage in sexual relationships without thinking twice. Much of the human sexual attraction is related to the physical attractiveness. The appearance of a person is interpreted by the senses which decide whether that person is suitable or not for sexual relationships. It is important for everybody to know about the meaning of sexuality and the importance of sexual relationships in order to sustain a healthy life. This paper briefly explains sexual attraction and its consequences. Selection of the life partner is

Business Ethics and Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Ethics and Law - Assignment Example will imply that dangerous dumping need to be avoided by the cruising ships which have been the number one contributor to wasting the grey water in the sea and therefore, causing pollution. There are various recommendations that I can make for control of the current situation to ensure that no companies benefit from the seas at the expense of other people. One recommendation is that all the individuals and companies that use the sea in the cruising business should be charged according to the amount of waste they throw into the seas (Anonymous, n.d). This will ensure that a regulating body makes the treatment of the sea water so that there sea life can continue in a balanced ecosystem. All ship owners should be supervised to ensure that they are not risking the lives at the sea ensure by throwing either there human or the non human wastes into the sea at any point in time. This would help the beneficiaries of the sea like the swimmers, fishermen and others to get the benefit as users of the sea and this will help ensure that the fish and aquatic plants are prevented from poisoning. Clean sea water will ensure that the distribution and the population of the aquatic life is as per the natural condition. After the implementation of the cleaning of the waters, I would recommend that all sea cruisers be fitted with enough tanks to keep the non human wastes in them and release them at a treatment point. This will ensure that grey water will not have negative impact to the aquatic life and therefore, it will ensure the sea cruising companies are responsible on the way they react to the environment. The strategy would address the problem at its base and will ensure that there is fairness in using the sea by containing wastes of the environment. This will mean that people who depend on the sea will be able to use the sea for a longer time. This recommendation will extend the economic benefit to all he fishermen, because they will continue with their activities for a longer

Dramatic Tension in this final act Essay Example for Free

Dramatic Tension in this final act Essay Perplexed still, we get the impression that John Proctor wants his life but cannot stand having a guilty conscience. Elizabeth perhaps adds to his puzzlement, I want you living John. Thats sure. This is the first real emotion we have seen between them in the play. Elizabeths words finally persuades John to save himself, and as he confess Rebecca Nurse is brought in. Her presence makes John ashamed and guilty, especially when asked Did you ever see Rebecca Nurse with the devil? He is under immense pressure and when at last he is asked for his signed testimony we realise another factor as to why he took the ultimate sacrifice. Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because I live and sign myself to lies! Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang! How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul, leave me my name! The presence of Rebecca Nurse, a saint in his eyes, the importance of his name are all important factors as to why John Proctor gives up his life, but he also realises he will die a good man. It is the one good thing he can do for Elizabeth after all the pain he has caused her. There is a dignity in what he is doing for himself, Elizabeth and his own community. He is an important figure in his society and by standing up to the corruption and being brave enough he is truly doing the right thing but not just for himself. The last act shows John proctors emotions and his own physical bodily actions in agony, but when he tears up his false testimony his can stand up straight for the first time. His death will also bring redemption from his own guilt. He has made a statement as to how un-just and corrupt their justice system was, and by leaving behind a world of prosecution and pragmatism he has become a man of principle. In act four, John Proctor decides to give up his own life rather than confess to being with the devil falsely. We encounter Proctor as a different character, a martyr, almost Christ like. Procter wavers, and at one stage he wants his life, I will have my life, but at the last minute he tears up his confession to save his integrity. Arthur Miller builds up the tension in the last act by using the interaction of characters, language and stage directions. Arthur Miller reveals a characters innermost thoughts and feelings. In comparison to Act two, when Elizabeth and John Proctors conversation had been confrontational and short plagued by the crime John had committed, in the last act when they meet for the final time, they act truly in love and this is portrayed by the stage directions given to the actors. John is described to be weak of body, but seems to be stronger here than at any other time in the play.

Effect of Brexit on the Financial Markets

Effect of Brexit on the Financial Markets What are financial markets? Financial markets are an open and regulated system where companies can raise large amounts of capital through bonds and stock markets, or offset their risk by investing in commodities, foreign exchange futures contracts or other derivatives. Due to the size of financial markets, they are highly liquid, meaning businesses can easily and quickly generate cash by selling their assets. Since financial markets are public and work under a lot of regulations, there is a lot of information transparency and prices of everything traded reflects this. (Source: â€Å"Six Basic Functions of Financial Markets†, Iowa State University, March 5, 2012.)   What is the European Union and what is Brexit? The European Union, like the name suggests is a political and economic union of 28 countries within Europe. The UK became part of the EU in 1973 and had to pay a membership fee every year The creation of the European union was to firstly bring countries together after the 2nd world war had left many economically and politically disabled or struggling. This economic cooperation would become the world’s biggest single market and it still is today. (European Union European Commission, 2017) Even though the UK has benefited a lot from being in a single market, there were many who thought that Britain would be better off on its own; and for this reason the government decided to have a referendum after which on the 23 of June 2016, Britain exited the Single market, giving back it’s seat in the European Parliament and all the benefits that came with it. How can financial markets affect economic performance? Demirgà ¼Ãƒ §-Kunt and Levine in their 2001 book, ‘Financial Structure and Economic Growth’ said there is a strong connection between financial markets development and economic growth. The way in which this happens is that a well-functioning financial market will efficiently direct the flow of savings and investments in an economy as such to enable businesses to accumulate capital and goods and services to be produced. A well-established financial market alongside a wide range of financial products will benefit borrowers and lenders and therefore the economy as a whole. Another benefit of an efficient financial market is that by providing a range of financial options at varying risk levels and pricing structures, borrowers and lenders can be closely matched for their individual needs. This allows investors to determine and calculate their cost of financing by looking at their returns on their investments and then choosing the best financing and investment choice for their requirements. The European Union created a single banking market with a single currency and therefore created Europe-wide financial markets which made investing and borrowing euro-denominated stocks, bonds and derivatives easy for all EU countries that are part of the Euro by eliminating exchange rate risks. By doing so, products and services that were previously only available on a country by country basis were now available to a wider market, creating better competition which in turn makes markets more efficient and prices lower for individuals.   This is called the ‘Single-Passport’ system, whereby any business set up in one-member state may provide its services to the rest without further authorisation requirements (European Commission 2016) Not only does euro-based financial markets benefit the Eurozone, it also attracts international investors to invest here and benefit from the competitive market, (Mishkin, 2012) and by being part of the ‘single-passport, Non-European companies can set up their head office in London, and have access to all the benefits of the Single Market. UK financial market relationship with the EU Professor Nick Bloom of Stanford University said: â€Å"The single European market increased competition and forced British firms to increase the level of innovation.† London is one of the biggest financial hubs of the world and hosts the largest number of banks and commercial insurance companies. According to (Belke A. et all) around 6 trillion euros, which is equivalent to 37% of Europe’s financial assets are managed in London, which is twice the amount of the nearest rival Paris. London also dominates Europe’s 5.2 trillion-euro investment banking industry. What this means is that major investments happing in some of Europe’s biggest cities are financed by companies operating within London. This is why, (Mark Carney, Governor of the Bank of England), said: â€Å"Europe relies heavily on London’s debt and equity markets.† When it comes to foreign exchange markets, the UK is way ahead of its European counterparts with an impressive almost 40% share of the worlds foreign exchange and derivatives handling. According to the (City of London Corporation) each year, $869 trillion worth of Euro, Yen and Dollars are traded from London. This is higher than all the Euro-Zone countries combined. https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/britain-europe-cost/ London currently accounts for 70% of the Euro Sovereign debt trades, meaning that the EU countries cannot shut outlondons capital markets as this would be suicide. (Rueters) According to Reuters (Kai Pfaffenbach) Frankfurt is desperately trying win over businesses to relocate to their city from London. To help in this, the European Central Bank started the â€Å"Capital Markets Union† project in 2015, where they want Euro-zone financial markets to provide improved fund raising for companies by replicating Britain’s financial services and become more efficient in the stocks, bonds and other securities markets. How Brexit is affecting Financial Markets: https://www.ft.com/content/0260242c-370b-11e6-9a05-82a9b15a8ee7The question of how Brexit will affect the UK economy is very uncertain. The sterling fell to a 31 year low, stock markets fell and foreign direct investment has frozen. All these things point towards the short-term impact of Brexit to be very serious. The real question is, what will the long term effects be, and how will markets react to cope with such uncertainty about the future. The institutional framework of the EU and the euro has created dependencies amongst countries. For this reason, Brexit will have affects in not just UK financial markets, but financial markets across the globe. According to (Gordon and Shapiro 1956) the dividend discount model, expectations about future effects on financial markets will have an effect on stocks and other financial variables now. From the graph above, we can see that when the news of Brexit was announced and the UK markets became uncertain about the UK’s future in the single market, the pound fell to its lowest price in 31 years. Because of Brexit and Policy uncertainty, markets adopt a ‘wait-and-see’ attitude towards investment decisions.   If London is no longer part of the single market, it loses its attractiveness as a foreign direct investment hub and a gateway to the European financial markets. According to the financial times, almost half of the FDI coming to the UK comes from the EU and after Brexit, this investment will significantly decrease due to increased trade costs and tariffs. The Office of National Statistics (ONS) tells us that FDI has been about 5% of UK GDP between 1999 and 2015. The analysis from the financial times estimates the decrease in FDI would be 22%. The impact of Brexit on the UK financial sector can be broken down in to 3 things: What agreement can the UK make with the EU in its post-Brexit negotiations. The extent to which financial sector businesses move their operations from the UK to a Eurozone country before any negotiation agreements are made.How well the UK financial sector can survive based on its global position and relationship. Until a deal is made with the EU, we cannot predict how the market will end up like, but we can hypothesise certain outcomes like the following: Currently, the UK is still part of the EU, and hence has passporting rights. Once these rights are gone, UK firms will have to have state level authorisations from EU countries to perform activities. This will depend upon whether the regulators in those countries will allow UK financial markets to sill operate within their borders. The best outcome would be if the UK retains their passporting rights through either a negotiation or remaining a part of the EEA. Johnathon ford writes in the financial times that another option that UK based companies may have is to open up subsidiaries in different EU countries, that way giving them access to customers within those markets. This is however costly and inefficient. Alternatively, UK firms could take advantage of Third Country Regime (TCR) access provisions. What this means is that companies that were incorporated outside the EU can still do business on a cross-border basis if they wish to do so without having an establishment within that EU country, however EU law will require that the regulations and legal structure they follow complies with EU. Reuters business news tells us that Standard Chartered (Stan.L) and JPMorgan (JPM.N) were the latest global banks that have outlined plans for European operations after Brexit. Goldman Sachs Lloyd Blankfein said that â€Å"London’s growth as a financial centre could stall as a result of upheaval caused by Brexit.† So, because of Brexit and the uncertainty of what the future holds for UK’s financial markets; UK based financial firms especially those in London are looking to move their operations into the EU market to benefit from the single market. Another financial market area that will be affected by Brexit is that of selling of derivatives for companies to buy protection or lower their risk portfolio against changes the US dollar and or spikes in the price of oil. As a result of tighter financial regulations on banks, some will opt out of providing this service and those who do will offer a smaller variety of products at a higher price. Ultimately, this is bad for markets as they are not getting the best deal they can. London also dominates the euro derivatives market. EU policymakers have not liked this for a while and want to shift this to a Eurozone country after Brexit. This will in turn increase the price of trading for corporations that deal in multiple currencies as they will have to go through several clearing houses. Bankers are unsure how much extra it will cost a European company to borrow without direct access to London, however, the association for financial markets said customers are being overly optimistic if they think that lending agents will bear the burden or grunt of this. They will push the increased cost of borrowing onto the consumer, which will ultimately make them less competitive in the market. Ernst and Young say in their research paper that they surveyed major corporates including Airbus and Volkswagen and found that these companies were really worried about rising costs of funding as a result of Brexit. London has dominated the financial centre for decades and has built its reputation on the service it provides. It would be very difficult to replicate this market. This has been due to its vast talent pool, widespread use of the English language and the UK legal system and the vast amount of money going through the UK through these financial markets. Another great strength of the UK is its over-the-counter derivatives market. Corporations often use swaps to protect themselves against adverse interest rates and currency moves. Over-the-counter derivatives have to go through clearing houses who are sort of the middle man who make sure neither party defaults on their payments. Even though the UK is not part of the Euro single currency, it still manages  ¾ of all euro-denominated swaps. As the UK decides to leave the EU, this creates a problem, because now most of these swaps won’t be clearing through the bloc. Germany and France have already said that they want the euro-denominated derivatives to be cleat=red through the EU; however LSE has argued that doing so would cost London thousands of jobs. According to a private report by EY, this estimate loss of jobs could be around 83,000 by 2024. The EU needs London’s money, says Mark Carney, governor of the Bank of England. He calls Britain â€Å"Europe’s investment banker† and says half of all the debt and equity issued by the EU involves financial institutions in Britain. What impact would Brexit have on the way in which banks are regulated in the UK? There are three pillars in the UK banking regulations: The capital requirements directive IV and the capital requirements regulation.The banking act of 2009 Bank Resolution and Recovery Directive (BRRD) Since the BRRD and CRD IV were EU legislations, the UK has to decide after Brexit how much they want to keep. CRD IV implements the requirements of Basel III, which the UK would still be committed to after Brexit. Brexit will likely have an effect on the legislation application of the EEA branches and subsidiaries. What  Ã‚  impact would Brexit have on the UK insurance industry? The London market currently has access to over 500 million customers through the EU and a substantial amount of insurance and reinsurance is distributed into and out of the UK. For the UK to continue to have access to these customers, they have to negotiate bilateral treaties to ensure member states allow them passport into the EU. The prudential regulation authority (PRA) has been very involved in negotiating the solvency II directive which was based on the risk-based regime of the UK. What  Ã‚  impact would Brexit have on the UK funds industry? Currently most UK based fund managers already use Irish or Luxembourg UCITS and alternative investment funds (AIF) platforms for Pan-European distribution of funds therefore Brexit will likely not have much effect on this sector of the financial market. The problem the UK asset management industry will face is the risk of changes to rules enabling MIFID investment firms, AIFMS and UCITS management firms to choose UK based investment managers. Currently, the administration is deemed sufficient for EU firms to contract asset management jobs to the UK managers. Another drawback may be that EU member states may put obstacles in front in the form of tax regimes that make it less attractive for EU firms to hire UK investment managers. Corporate tax: The EU previously set the legal requirements for corporate tax in the UK. Since we will no longer be a part of the EU, these regulations will be revised by HMRC and new draft regulations will be put in place. Currently businesses that have offices within and outside the UK enjoy a 0% rate of withholding tax. This may no longer be the case and companies will look for ways to save themselves from varying taxations in different countries, or changing their place of business to protect themselves from higher or double taxation. VAT VAT was a European Union Concept and now that the UK government is responsible for this, they may decide to change the rates at which this is charged or what products VAT will be charged on. Accounting law At the moment, there is a significant EU accounting and company law legislations that may come under review after Brexit. These include, directive 2013/34/EU about annual financial statements, consolidated financial statements and reports. Directive 2009/101/EC about the disclosure of company documents and company obligations. Directive 2012/30/EU on the formation of public limited companies. Directive 89/666/EEC on disclosure requirements for foreign branches of companies. Global Impact of Brexit There is no roadmap to follow or analogy to invoke as a guide or pattern for how the Brexit vote will reverberate in the months and years to come. However, a few immediate consequences seem highly likely: †¢Ã‚  The flight to safety away from the epicenter of this British-EU divorce will push capital away from the region and toward key safe-haven markets including the U.S.—especially Treasuries—and to Japan. This will further lower market interest rates and raise relative currency values. †¢Ã‚  A higher U.S. dollar and Japanese yen are negative to both economies’ export sectors. In the case of Japan, this is particularly unhelpful to its efforts to reinflate and reinvigorate the economy after decades of deflation. †¢Ã‚  The higher U.S. dollar also triggers additional pressure on China to float the yuan lower, as it is caught in the divergence between its two largest export markets—the EU and the U.S.. †¢Ã‚  For the U.S., the negative impact on exports is relatively small compared with trends in domestic demand, but the deflationary pressure on tradable goods will widen the divergence between reasonably strong inflation in the services sector vs. reasonably strong deflation in the goods sector. †¢Ã‚  The European Central Bank will be compelled to raise its level of intervention yet again, as risk premiums across the region rise. Among the larger Eurozone members, Italy is in a particularly vulnerable position—now made more vulnerable. Each blow to members of the Eurozone periphery also further make Germany’s outperformance in the Eurozone even more unsustainable. The nature of the UK’s eventual exit agreement with the EU is crucial, and hangs over a multitude of markets. CEP BREXIT ANALYSIS Life after Brexit: What are the UK’s options outside the European Union? It is highly uncertain what the UK’s future would look like outside the European Union (EU), which makes ‘Brexit’ a leap into the unknown. This report reviews the advantages and drawbacks of the most likely options. After Brexit, the EU would continue to be the world’s largest market and the UK’s biggest trading partner. A key question is what would happen to the three million EU citizens living in the UK and the two million UK citizens living in the EU? There are economic benefits from European integration, but obtaining these benefits comes at the political cost of giving up some sovereignty. Inside or outside the EU, this trade-off is inescapable. One option is ‘doing a Norway’ and joining the European Economic Area. This would minimise the trade costs of Brexit, but it would mean paying about 83% as much into the EU budget as the UK currently does. It would also require keeping current EU regulations (without having a seat at the tab le when the rules are decided). Another option is ‘doing a Switzerland’ and negotiating bilateral deals with the EU. Switzerland still faces regulation without representation and pays about 40% as much as the UK to be part of the single market in goods. But the Swiss have no agreement with the EU on free trade in services, an area where the UK is a major exporter. A further option is going it alone as a member of the World Trade Organization. This would give the UK more sovereignty at the price of less trade and a bigger fall in income, even if the UK were to abolish tariffs completely. Brexit would allow the UK to negotiate its own trade deals with non-EU countries. But as a small country, the UK would have less bargaining power than the EU. Canada’s trade deals with the United States show that losing this bargaining power could be costly for the UK. To make an informed decision on the merits of leaving the EU, voters need to know more about what the UK governme nt would do following Brexit. This is the first in a series of briefings analysing the economic costs and benefits of Brexit for the UK. Economists for Brexit: A Critique Professor Patrick Minford, one of the ‘Economists for Brexit’, argues that leaving the European Union (EU) will raise the UK’s welfare by 4% as a result of increased trade. His policy recommendation is that following a vote for Brexit, the UK should strike no new trade deals but instead unilaterally abolish all its import tariffs. Under this policy (‘Britain Alone’), he describes his model as predicting the ‘elimination’ of UK manufacturing and a big increase in wage inequality. These outcomes may be hard to sell to UK citizens as a desirable political option. Our analysis of the ‘Britain Alone’ policy predicts a 2.3% loss of welfare compared with staying in the EU. This is only 0.3 percentage points better than Brexit without unilaterally abolishing tariffs which would result in a 2.6% welfare loss. Minford’s results stem from assuming that small changes in trade costs have tremendously large effects on trade volumes: according to his model, the falls in tariffs become enormously magnified because each country purchases only from the lowest cost supplier. In reality, everyone does not simply buy from the cheapest supplier. Products are different when made by different countries and trade is affected by the distance between countries, their size, history and wealth (the ‘gravity relationship’). Trade costs are not just government-created trade barriers. Product differentiation and gravity is incorporated into modern trade models – these predict that after Brexit the UK will continue to trade more with the EU than other countries as it remains our geographically closest neighbour. Consequently, we will be worse off because we will face higher trade costs with the EU. Minford’s assumption that goods prices would fall by 10% comes from attributing all producer price differences between the EU and low-cost countries to EU trade barriers, ignoring differences in quality. Sin gle Market rules (for example, over product safety) facilitate trade between EU members as it creates a level playing field. Minford’s assumption that the Single Market merely diverts trade from non-EU countries is contradicted by the empirical evidence. Minford also overlooks the loss in services trade that would result from leaving the Single Market, such as ‘passporting’ privileges in financial services. Minford’s approach of ignoring empirical analysis of trade data seems predicated on the view that because statistical analysis is imperfect, it should all be completely ignored. But such statistical biases may reinforce rather than weaken the case for remaining in the EU. Theories need grounding in facts, not ideology. Bibliography https://fullfact.org/europe/our-eu-membership-fee-55-million/https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/britain-europe-cost/https://www.ft.com/content/0260242c-370b-11e6-9a05-82a9b15a8ee7https://www.ft.com/content/61221dd4-d8c4-11e6-944b-e7eb37a6aa8e?mhq5j=e5http://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/knowledge/publications/115128/mifid-ii-mifir-serieshttp://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu-banks/banks-planning-to-move-9000-jobs-from-britain-because-of-brexit-idUKKBN184132http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/ey-uk-eu-planning-for-uncertainty/$File/ey-uk-eu-planning-for-uncertainty.pdfhttps://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/britain-europe-cost/https://www.accountingweb.com/community/blogs/geoff-collings/the-effect-of-brexit-on-uk-accountinghttps://www.accountancyage.com/2016/07/21/what-brexit-means-for-accounting-employment-and-taxation-law/ http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2016/587384/IPOL_BRI(2016)587384_EN.pdfhttps://www.ceps.eu/system/files/WD% 20429%20AB%20et%20al%20Brexit%20Applied%20Economics.pdfhttp://www.frbsf.org/education/publications/doctor-econ/2005/january/financial-markets-economic-performance/https://www.ft.com/content/74708d46-c6ca-11e6-8f29-9445cac8966f Mishkin, F. (2012).  Introduction to Financial Markets. [online] Www2.econ.iastate.edu. Available at: http://www2.econ.iastate.edu/tesfatsi/finintro.htm#FMI [Accessed 10 Sep. 2017]. Effect of Brexit on the Financial Markets Effect of Brexit on the Financial Markets What are financial markets? Financial markets are an open and regulated system where companies can raise large amounts of capital through bonds and stock markets, or offset their risk by investing in commodities, foreign exchange futures contracts or other derivatives. Due to the size of financial markets, they are highly liquid, meaning businesses can easily and quickly generate cash by selling their assets. Since financial markets are public and work under a lot of regulations, there is a lot of information transparency and prices of everything traded reflects this. (Source: â€Å"Six Basic Functions of Financial Markets†, Iowa State University, March 5, 2012.)   What is the European Union and what is Brexit? The European Union, like the name suggests is a political and economic union of 28 countries within Europe. The UK became part of the EU in 1973 and had to pay a membership fee every year The creation of the European union was to firstly bring countries together after the 2nd world war had left many economically and politically disabled or struggling. This economic cooperation would become the world’s biggest single market and it still is today. (European Union European Commission, 2017) Even though the UK has benefited a lot from being in a single market, there were many who thought that Britain would be better off on its own; and for this reason the government decided to have a referendum after which on the 23 of June 2016, Britain exited the Single market, giving back it’s seat in the European Parliament and all the benefits that came with it. How can financial markets affect economic performance? Demirgà ¼Ãƒ §-Kunt and Levine in their 2001 book, ‘Financial Structure and Economic Growth’ said there is a strong connection between financial markets development and economic growth. The way in which this happens is that a well-functioning financial market will efficiently direct the flow of savings and investments in an economy as such to enable businesses to accumulate capital and goods and services to be produced. A well-established financial market alongside a wide range of financial products will benefit borrowers and lenders and therefore the economy as a whole. Another benefit of an efficient financial market is that by providing a range of financial options at varying risk levels and pricing structures, borrowers and lenders can be closely matched for their individual needs. This allows investors to determine and calculate their cost of financing by looking at their returns on their investments and then choosing the best financing and investment choice for their requirements. The European Union created a single banking market with a single currency and therefore created Europe-wide financial markets which made investing and borrowing euro-denominated stocks, bonds and derivatives easy for all EU countries that are part of the Euro by eliminating exchange rate risks. By doing so, products and services that were previously only available on a country by country basis were now available to a wider market, creating better competition which in turn makes markets more efficient and prices lower for individuals.   This is called the ‘Single-Passport’ system, whereby any business set up in one-member state may provide its services to the rest without further authorisation requirements (European Commission 2016) Not only does euro-based financial markets benefit the Eurozone, it also attracts international investors to invest here and benefit from the competitive market, (Mishkin, 2012) and by being part of the ‘single-passport, Non-European companies can set up their head office in London, and have access to all the benefits of the Single Market. UK financial market relationship with the EU Professor Nick Bloom of Stanford University said: â€Å"The single European market increased competition and forced British firms to increase the level of innovation.† London is one of the biggest financial hubs of the world and hosts the largest number of banks and commercial insurance companies. According to (Belke A. et all) around 6 trillion euros, which is equivalent to 37% of Europe’s financial assets are managed in London, which is twice the amount of the nearest rival Paris. London also dominates Europe’s 5.2 trillion-euro investment banking industry. What this means is that major investments happing in some of Europe’s biggest cities are financed by companies operating within London. This is why, (Mark Carney, Governor of the Bank of England), said: â€Å"Europe relies heavily on London’s debt and equity markets.† When it comes to foreign exchange markets, the UK is way ahead of its European counterparts with an impressive almost 40% share of the worlds foreign exchange and derivatives handling. According to the (City of London Corporation) each year, $869 trillion worth of Euro, Yen and Dollars are traded from London. This is higher than all the Euro-Zone countries combined. https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/britain-europe-cost/ London currently accounts for 70% of the Euro Sovereign debt trades, meaning that the EU countries cannot shut outlondons capital markets as this would be suicide. (Rueters) According to Reuters (Kai Pfaffenbach) Frankfurt is desperately trying win over businesses to relocate to their city from London. To help in this, the European Central Bank started the â€Å"Capital Markets Union† project in 2015, where they want Euro-zone financial markets to provide improved fund raising for companies by replicating Britain’s financial services and become more efficient in the stocks, bonds and other securities markets. How Brexit is affecting Financial Markets: https://www.ft.com/content/0260242c-370b-11e6-9a05-82a9b15a8ee7The question of how Brexit will affect the UK economy is very uncertain. The sterling fell to a 31 year low, stock markets fell and foreign direct investment has frozen. All these things point towards the short-term impact of Brexit to be very serious. The real question is, what will the long term effects be, and how will markets react to cope with such uncertainty about the future. The institutional framework of the EU and the euro has created dependencies amongst countries. For this reason, Brexit will have affects in not just UK financial markets, but financial markets across the globe. According to (Gordon and Shapiro 1956) the dividend discount model, expectations about future effects on financial markets will have an effect on stocks and other financial variables now. From the graph above, we can see that when the news of Brexit was announced and the UK markets became uncertain about the UK’s future in the single market, the pound fell to its lowest price in 31 years. Because of Brexit and Policy uncertainty, markets adopt a ‘wait-and-see’ attitude towards investment decisions.   If London is no longer part of the single market, it loses its attractiveness as a foreign direct investment hub and a gateway to the European financial markets. According to the financial times, almost half of the FDI coming to the UK comes from the EU and after Brexit, this investment will significantly decrease due to increased trade costs and tariffs. The Office of National Statistics (ONS) tells us that FDI has been about 5% of UK GDP between 1999 and 2015. The analysis from the financial times estimates the decrease in FDI would be 22%. The impact of Brexit on the UK financial sector can be broken down in to 3 things: What agreement can the UK make with the EU in its post-Brexit negotiations. The extent to which financial sector businesses move their operations from the UK to a Eurozone country before any negotiation agreements are made.How well the UK financial sector can survive based on its global position and relationship. Until a deal is made with the EU, we cannot predict how the market will end up like, but we can hypothesise certain outcomes like the following: Currently, the UK is still part of the EU, and hence has passporting rights. Once these rights are gone, UK firms will have to have state level authorisations from EU countries to perform activities. This will depend upon whether the regulators in those countries will allow UK financial markets to sill operate within their borders. The best outcome would be if the UK retains their passporting rights through either a negotiation or remaining a part of the EEA. Johnathon ford writes in the financial times that another option that UK based companies may have is to open up subsidiaries in different EU countries, that way giving them access to customers within those markets. This is however costly and inefficient. Alternatively, UK firms could take advantage of Third Country Regime (TCR) access provisions. What this means is that companies that were incorporated outside the EU can still do business on a cross-border basis if they wish to do so without having an establishment within that EU country, however EU law will require that the regulations and legal structure they follow complies with EU. Reuters business news tells us that Standard Chartered (Stan.L) and JPMorgan (JPM.N) were the latest global banks that have outlined plans for European operations after Brexit. Goldman Sachs Lloyd Blankfein said that â€Å"London’s growth as a financial centre could stall as a result of upheaval caused by Brexit.† So, because of Brexit and the uncertainty of what the future holds for UK’s financial markets; UK based financial firms especially those in London are looking to move their operations into the EU market to benefit from the single market. Another financial market area that will be affected by Brexit is that of selling of derivatives for companies to buy protection or lower their risk portfolio against changes the US dollar and or spikes in the price of oil. As a result of tighter financial regulations on banks, some will opt out of providing this service and those who do will offer a smaller variety of products at a higher price. Ultimately, this is bad for markets as they are not getting the best deal they can. London also dominates the euro derivatives market. EU policymakers have not liked this for a while and want to shift this to a Eurozone country after Brexit. This will in turn increase the price of trading for corporations that deal in multiple currencies as they will have to go through several clearing houses. Bankers are unsure how much extra it will cost a European company to borrow without direct access to London, however, the association for financial markets said customers are being overly optimistic if they think that lending agents will bear the burden or grunt of this. They will push the increased cost of borrowing onto the consumer, which will ultimately make them less competitive in the market. Ernst and Young say in their research paper that they surveyed major corporates including Airbus and Volkswagen and found that these companies were really worried about rising costs of funding as a result of Brexit. London has dominated the financial centre for decades and has built its reputation on the service it provides. It would be very difficult to replicate this market. This has been due to its vast talent pool, widespread use of the English language and the UK legal system and the vast amount of money going through the UK through these financial markets. Another great strength of the UK is its over-the-counter derivatives market. Corporations often use swaps to protect themselves against adverse interest rates and currency moves. Over-the-counter derivatives have to go through clearing houses who are sort of the middle man who make sure neither party defaults on their payments. Even though the UK is not part of the Euro single currency, it still manages  ¾ of all euro-denominated swaps. As the UK decides to leave the EU, this creates a problem, because now most of these swaps won’t be clearing through the bloc. Germany and France have already said that they want the euro-denominated derivatives to be cleat=red through the EU; however LSE has argued that doing so would cost London thousands of jobs. According to a private report by EY, this estimate loss of jobs could be around 83,000 by 2024. The EU needs London’s money, says Mark Carney, governor of the Bank of England. He calls Britain â€Å"Europe’s investment banker† and says half of all the debt and equity issued by the EU involves financial institutions in Britain. What impact would Brexit have on the way in which banks are regulated in the UK? There are three pillars in the UK banking regulations: The capital requirements directive IV and the capital requirements regulation.The banking act of 2009 Bank Resolution and Recovery Directive (BRRD) Since the BRRD and CRD IV were EU legislations, the UK has to decide after Brexit how much they want to keep. CRD IV implements the requirements of Basel III, which the UK would still be committed to after Brexit. Brexit will likely have an effect on the legislation application of the EEA branches and subsidiaries. What  Ã‚  impact would Brexit have on the UK insurance industry? The London market currently has access to over 500 million customers through the EU and a substantial amount of insurance and reinsurance is distributed into and out of the UK. For the UK to continue to have access to these customers, they have to negotiate bilateral treaties to ensure member states allow them passport into the EU. The prudential regulation authority (PRA) has been very involved in negotiating the solvency II directive which was based on the risk-based regime of the UK. What  Ã‚  impact would Brexit have on the UK funds industry? Currently most UK based fund managers already use Irish or Luxembourg UCITS and alternative investment funds (AIF) platforms for Pan-European distribution of funds therefore Brexit will likely not have much effect on this sector of the financial market. The problem the UK asset management industry will face is the risk of changes to rules enabling MIFID investment firms, AIFMS and UCITS management firms to choose UK based investment managers. Currently, the administration is deemed sufficient for EU firms to contract asset management jobs to the UK managers. Another drawback may be that EU member states may put obstacles in front in the form of tax regimes that make it less attractive for EU firms to hire UK investment managers. Corporate tax: The EU previously set the legal requirements for corporate tax in the UK. Since we will no longer be a part of the EU, these regulations will be revised by HMRC and new draft regulations will be put in place. Currently businesses that have offices within and outside the UK enjoy a 0% rate of withholding tax. This may no longer be the case and companies will look for ways to save themselves from varying taxations in different countries, or changing their place of business to protect themselves from higher or double taxation. VAT VAT was a European Union Concept and now that the UK government is responsible for this, they may decide to change the rates at which this is charged or what products VAT will be charged on. Accounting law At the moment, there is a significant EU accounting and company law legislations that may come under review after Brexit. These include, directive 2013/34/EU about annual financial statements, consolidated financial statements and reports. Directive 2009/101/EC about the disclosure of company documents and company obligations. Directive 2012/30/EU on the formation of public limited companies. Directive 89/666/EEC on disclosure requirements for foreign branches of companies. Global Impact of Brexit There is no roadmap to follow or analogy to invoke as a guide or pattern for how the Brexit vote will reverberate in the months and years to come. However, a few immediate consequences seem highly likely: †¢Ã‚  The flight to safety away from the epicenter of this British-EU divorce will push capital away from the region and toward key safe-haven markets including the U.S.—especially Treasuries—and to Japan. This will further lower market interest rates and raise relative currency values. †¢Ã‚  A higher U.S. dollar and Japanese yen are negative to both economies’ export sectors. In the case of Japan, this is particularly unhelpful to its efforts to reinflate and reinvigorate the economy after decades of deflation. †¢Ã‚  The higher U.S. dollar also triggers additional pressure on China to float the yuan lower, as it is caught in the divergence between its two largest export markets—the EU and the U.S.. †¢Ã‚  For the U.S., the negative impact on exports is relatively small compared with trends in domestic demand, but the deflationary pressure on tradable goods will widen the divergence between reasonably strong inflation in the services sector vs. reasonably strong deflation in the goods sector. †¢Ã‚  The European Central Bank will be compelled to raise its level of intervention yet again, as risk premiums across the region rise. Among the larger Eurozone members, Italy is in a particularly vulnerable position—now made more vulnerable. Each blow to members of the Eurozone periphery also further make Germany’s outperformance in the Eurozone even more unsustainable. The nature of the UK’s eventual exit agreement with the EU is crucial, and hangs over a multitude of markets. CEP BREXIT ANALYSIS Life after Brexit: What are the UK’s options outside the European Union? It is highly uncertain what the UK’s future would look like outside the European Union (EU), which makes ‘Brexit’ a leap into the unknown. This report reviews the advantages and drawbacks of the most likely options. After Brexit, the EU would continue to be the world’s largest market and the UK’s biggest trading partner. A key question is what would happen to the three million EU citizens living in the UK and the two million UK citizens living in the EU? There are economic benefits from European integration, but obtaining these benefits comes at the political cost of giving up some sovereignty. Inside or outside the EU, this trade-off is inescapable. One option is ‘doing a Norway’ and joining the European Economic Area. This would minimise the trade costs of Brexit, but it would mean paying about 83% as much into the EU budget as the UK currently does. It would also require keeping current EU regulations (without having a seat at the tab le when the rules are decided). Another option is ‘doing a Switzerland’ and negotiating bilateral deals with the EU. Switzerland still faces regulation without representation and pays about 40% as much as the UK to be part of the single market in goods. But the Swiss have no agreement with the EU on free trade in services, an area where the UK is a major exporter. A further option is going it alone as a member of the World Trade Organization. This would give the UK more sovereignty at the price of less trade and a bigger fall in income, even if the UK were to abolish tariffs completely. Brexit would allow the UK to negotiate its own trade deals with non-EU countries. But as a small country, the UK would have less bargaining power than the EU. Canada’s trade deals with the United States show that losing this bargaining power could be costly for the UK. To make an informed decision on the merits of leaving the EU, voters need to know more about what the UK governme nt would do following Brexit. This is the first in a series of briefings analysing the economic costs and benefits of Brexit for the UK. Economists for Brexit: A Critique Professor Patrick Minford, one of the ‘Economists for Brexit’, argues that leaving the European Union (EU) will raise the UK’s welfare by 4% as a result of increased trade. His policy recommendation is that following a vote for Brexit, the UK should strike no new trade deals but instead unilaterally abolish all its import tariffs. Under this policy (‘Britain Alone’), he describes his model as predicting the ‘elimination’ of UK manufacturing and a big increase in wage inequality. These outcomes may be hard to sell to UK citizens as a desirable political option. Our analysis of the ‘Britain Alone’ policy predicts a 2.3% loss of welfare compared with staying in the EU. This is only 0.3 percentage points better than Brexit without unilaterally abolishing tariffs which would result in a 2.6% welfare loss. Minford’s results stem from assuming that small changes in trade costs have tremendously large effects on trade volumes: according to his model, the falls in tariffs become enormously magnified because each country purchases only from the lowest cost supplier. In reality, everyone does not simply buy from the cheapest supplier. Products are different when made by different countries and trade is affected by the distance between countries, their size, history and wealth (the ‘gravity relationship’). Trade costs are not just government-created trade barriers. Product differentiation and gravity is incorporated into modern trade models – these predict that after Brexit the UK will continue to trade more with the EU than other countries as it remains our geographically closest neighbour. Consequently, we will be worse off because we will face higher trade costs with the EU. Minford’s assumption that goods prices would fall by 10% comes from attributing all producer price differences between the EU and low-cost countries to EU trade barriers, ignoring differences in quality. Sin gle Market rules (for example, over product safety) facilitate trade between EU members as it creates a level playing field. Minford’s assumption that the Single Market merely diverts trade from non-EU countries is contradicted by the empirical evidence. Minford also overlooks the loss in services trade that would result from leaving the Single Market, such as ‘passporting’ privileges in financial services. Minford’s approach of ignoring empirical analysis of trade data seems predicated on the view that because statistical analysis is imperfect, it should all be completely ignored. But such statistical biases may reinforce rather than weaken the case for remaining in the EU. Theories need grounding in facts, not ideology. Bibliography https://fullfact.org/europe/our-eu-membership-fee-55-million/https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/britain-europe-cost/https://www.ft.com/content/0260242c-370b-11e6-9a05-82a9b15a8ee7https://www.ft.com/content/61221dd4-d8c4-11e6-944b-e7eb37a6aa8e?mhq5j=e5http://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/knowledge/publications/115128/mifid-ii-mifir-serieshttp://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu-banks/banks-planning-to-move-9000-jobs-from-britain-because-of-brexit-idUKKBN184132http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/ey-uk-eu-planning-for-uncertainty/$File/ey-uk-eu-planning-for-uncertainty.pdfhttps://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/britain-europe-cost/https://www.accountingweb.com/community/blogs/geoff-collings/the-effect-of-brexit-on-uk-accountinghttps://www.accountancyage.com/2016/07/21/what-brexit-means-for-accounting-employment-and-taxation-law/ http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2016/587384/IPOL_BRI(2016)587384_EN.pdfhttps://www.ceps.eu/system/files/WD% 20429%20AB%20et%20al%20Brexit%20Applied%20Economics.pdfhttp://www.frbsf.org/education/publications/doctor-econ/2005/january/financial-markets-economic-performance/https://www.ft.com/content/74708d46-c6ca-11e6-8f29-9445cac8966f Mishkin, F. (2012).  Introduction to Financial Markets. [online] Www2.econ.iastate.edu. Available at: http://www2.econ.iastate.edu/tesfatsi/finintro.htm#FMI [Accessed 10 Sep. 2017].

Transportation and Distribution Management

Transportation and Distribution Management Transportations and distribution industry plays an important role in bridging the gap between the producer and the consumer. Forms of transportation available include air, water, rail and land. The transport industry is one of the driving forces for economic development. The cost of transportation is a major cost that all firms in this industry would like to reduce (Markowitz, 2011). The economic benefits of reducing transportation cost are notable and are a direct way of improving profits for any firm. According to Hines (2004) the question of how to reduce these cost remain one of the constantly explored by many transportation firms. Each firm desires to develop an effective strategy to reduce the costs. Distributions is important since it ensures production and needs are in balanced thus it is an important part of the economy. Moving products from producers to the consumers regionally, nationally and internationally can account for more than half of the total cost of the products. Therefore, the management of transportation and distribution should focus on the economic aspects (Rodrigue, et al. 2010). Efficiency and effectiveness of the transport system is vital in reducing the costs. Subsequently, management of the operations includes analysis of the costs of everything involved. Operations administration is carried out depending on the nature of the products or services that the organization is dealing in. Discussion and Analysis On 31 November 1981, I and five other partners came together and initiated a privately own a transport company Swift world transport Ltd. The company provides innovative, cost effective and reliable transportation of food products. Swift world transport Ltd specializes in food products shipment and carriage between various states and towns. After realizing that an opportunity exists in coordinating of food products, we launched a strategy to fill the void. Our trucks and carriers deliver food products to one destination and return with another load to another destination. The company desires not only to meet customerà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s expectations but also to exceed it every time. Currently we have over 500 trucks operating around five states. Since transport costs account for a considerable portion of the selling price of food products, we put emphasis on making smart economic decision (Rodrigue, et al. 2010). Swift world transport Ltd. Deals with a wide range of food products. The products range from cereals, soft drinks, biscuits and cookies, baked goods, ready meals and frozen foods. Other products that we transport in smaller quantities include dairy products, honey and seafood. Swift world transport Ltd. Is ISO-certified and will be celebrating 30 years in existence late this year. Though the company began from humble beginnings, it has grown to be one of the market leaders in transportation of food products. It has more than 300 employees and is strategically located with its head office in New York. Swift world transport Ltd upholds integrity and abides by the rules and regulations in the transport industry (Markowitz, 2011). At Swift world transport Ltd we value the customers hence we use the latest technology and equipments in handling the products to meet customerà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s needs of quality. We have refrigeration services to keep perishable products from being spoilt. The ministry of health officials has approved our warehouses as safe for storage of edible products. Our trucks are monitored via satellite hence we have an error free billing system (Rodrigue, et al. 2010). Swift world transport Ltd. Has three main departments. The first department deals with the transport infrastructure. These include the trucks and the sea vessels. The second department includes the food handling facilities such as refrigerators and warehouses. Finally, the last department ensures that there is always adequate supply of the products depending on the demand. Physical distribution involves the transportation of the food products from the various sources to the customers. The manager directing the physical distribution has the responsibility of assessing and controlling the cost of transport. He is also charged with the responsibility of ensuring the most efficient way of storing them. This in some cases may require warehouses hence inventory control. A manager should thus ensure that the right goods arrive at the proper destination in the right condition and to the correct client. As explained by Halldorsson et al. (2003) the goods should be in the right quantity. The transportation strategy adopted by the Swift world transport Ltd swiftly responds to all aspects of our operations with priority on customers and suppliers. The strategy acknowledges customer requirements as an important aspect of all its activities. The supply chain is a involves movement of products from suppliers to the customer. The transportation activities should focus on meeting customer needs. Transportation and shipment must therefore progress according to the timings (Rodrigue, et al. 2010). Customers require that products be delivered at their premises on a particular day and time. This needs to be accomplished in order to provide customer satisfaction. Being able to meet these deadlines has given Swift world transport Ltd a competitive advantage over other firms. The size of our firm also causes our customers to trust in our ability to be reliable. They believe that small firms are not reliable. Comparing performance is important for the firm to know how well our stra tegies are working (Larson, Halldorsson, 2004). In order to remain economically sound, we measure our expenses every now and then in order to have tight control over them. Estimation of general expenses and freight costs assists the company in budgeting. A supply chain is a system that brings organizations, people, information and other resources in bridging the gap by ensuring that goods and services move from supplier to consumers. Supply chains ensure that goods are delivered to the end user. The management of a supply chain involves planning and management of activities ranging from sourcing, procurement and the logistics. At Swift world transport Ltd. coordination and collaboration with the suppliers and customers and other third party service providers is our priority. The company has created a supply chain that integrates all activities with the main responsibility of linking our suppliers and the customers (Rodrigue, et al. 2010). A model of a supply chain begins from receiving the products from producers and suppliers and ends with the delivering to the consumer. Swift world transport Ltd adopted the model whose framework is developed on business processes that are not only cross firm but also cross functional. A team manage s the cross-functional processes with representatives from purchasing, finance, logistics and research and development (Halldorsson, et al. 2003). Since each process interacts with customers and suppliers at some point, customer relations and supplierà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s relations form an important part in the supply chain. The company must make the right decision when moving products from one point to the other. Distributing products faster and cheaply leads to higher profits and more satisfied customers. In order to do this, Swift world transport Ltd stays informed on the current trend within the industry. For illustration, most companies are moving in the southern states because where doing business is more cost effective. The company has been analyzing facts and trying to make a decision whether to move south. In 1990, Swift world transport Ltd. adopted the supply chain management (SCM). This was adopted after realization that most food products require integration of many business processes, from the original supplier to the customer (Halldorsson, et al. 2003). The suppliers provide the company with products, services and important information that boost our business. SCM enables us to exchange information with other stakeholders regarding market fluctuation. After realizing the importance of information, we adapted the SCM to enable us access relevant information. This is made possible since all the companies in the supply chain help optimize the entire chain. The company can therefore plan its distribution activities better hence leading to customer satisfaction. In addition, incorporation of SCM leads to reduction of competition (Hines, 2004). This is because the competition is not from one company to the other but on supply chain and supply chain. The aim of supply chain management is to uphold customer satisfaction by using the available resources efficiently. It seeks to keep the demand and supply at equilibrium. Since many food products are perishable, it pays to liaise with producers to minimize bottlenecks. The products are obtained from farmers and suppliers at the lowest cost (Hines, 2004). Transporting is followed by distribution and finally delivering the products to customer markets. Conclusion One of the main challenges that Swift world transport Ltd faces is the presence of congestion in our road system. The causes of congestion come from higher requirement for mobility, which many times go beyond the facilities that support it. Other causes can be random events like accidents, which normally disrupts the flow of vehicles. Congestion is not only present on the roads, concentration of traffic is observed even on maritime transport. This is so common especially in terms of weight. Traffic concentration is causing many problems at the ports. In the past few decades, international trade has been experiencing higher growth than the global economy resulting in congestion at the ports. Congestion has the effect of delaying products on the road hence causing late Deliveries. Late deliveries in turn lead to loss if business opportunities and dissatisfied customers. Recommendation As a major stakeholder in the transport industry, we have joint hands with other like-minded firms to put pressure on government to build more road network. A transport policy that will provide solutions to congestion problems should be developed. This requires long term planning to build of more roads and ports in order to ease the congestion. States with port facility should apply for grants from the federal government in order to improve their inadequate facilities. These are the solutions to preventing the constant congestion.

Free YGB Essay: Genre and Plot of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown :: Young Goodman Brown YGB

Young Goodman Brown:Â   Genre and Plot Young Goodman Brown is a short story; that is, it is a relatively brief narrative of prose fiction (ranging in length from 500 to 20,000 words) characterized by considerably more unity and compression in all its partstheme, plot, structure, character, setting, moodthan the novel. In the story we are considering, the situation is this: One evening near sunset sometime in the late seventeenth century, Goodman Brown, a young man who has been married only three months, prepares to leave his home in Salem, Massachusetts, and his pretty young bride, Faith, to go into the forest and spend the night on some mission that he will not disclose other than to say that it must be performed between sunset and sunrise. Although Faith has strong forebodings about his journey and pleads with him to postpone it, Brown is adamant and sets off. His business is evil by his own admission; he does not state what it is specifically, but it becomes apparent to the reader that it involves attending a witches' Sabbath in the forest, a remarkable action in view of the picture of Brown, drawn early in the story, as a professing Christian who admonishes his wife to pray and who intends to lead an exemplary life after this one night. The rising action begins when Brown, having left the village, enters the dark, gloomy, and probably haunted forest. He has not gone far before he meets the Devil in the form of a middle-aged, respectable-looking man whom Brown has made a bargain to meet and accompany on his journey. Perhaps the full realization of who his companion is and what the night may hold in store for him now dawns on Brown, for he makes an effort to return to Salem. It is at best a feeble attempt, however, for, though the Devil does not try to detain him, Brown continues walking with him deeper into the forest. As they go, the Devil shocks Goodman Brown by telling him that his [Brown's) ancestors were religious bigots, cruel exploiters, and practitioners of the black art --- in short, fullfledged servants of the Devil. Further, the young man is told that the very pillars of New England society, church, and state are witches (creatures actually in league with the Devil), lechers, blasphemers, and collaborators with the Devil. Indeed, he sees his childhood Sunday School teacher, now a witch, and overhears the voices of his minister and a deacon of his church as they ride past conversing about the diabolical communion service to which both they and he are going.

Hiroshima :: essays research papers

Hiroshima is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture, southwestern Honshu, Japan. Hiroshima has warm, humid summers with July temperatures. Hiroshima caught the attention of the world when a U.S. plane dropped the first atomic bomb on the City, destroying it on August 6,1945. The Atomic bomb blast in 1945 obliterated three- fifths of the city within seconds and killed about 75,000 people. At exactly fifteen minutes past eight in the mourning, on August 6, 1945 Japanese time, at the moment when the atomic bomb flashed above Hiroshima. At the time of the blast Mrs. Huts Nakamura, a tailors widow stood by the window of her kitchen, watching a neighbor tearing down his house because it laid in path of an air-raid defense free lane . Mrs. Huts Nakamura, who lived in the section called Nobori-Cho got her three children, a ten year old boy,Toshio, an eight year old girl yoke, and a five year old girl, Mohawk out of bed and dressed them and walked with them to the Military area known as the East Parade Ground. There she unrolled some mats and the children laid down on them. They slept until about two, when they were awakened by the roar of the planes going over Hiroshima. As soon as the planes had passed, mars. Nakamura started back with her children. They reached home a little after two-thirty and she immediately turned on the radio, which was broadcasting a fresh warnin! g. She put the children in their bedrolls on the floor, laid down herself at three o'clock, and fell asleep at once. The siren jarred her awake at about seven o'clock, she arose and hurried to the house of Mr.Nakamoto, the head of her neighborhood Association and asked him what she should do. He told her to remain at home unless an urgent warning. The Prefectural Government convinced, everyone in Hiroshima that the city would be attacked. Their house was 1,350 yards or three-quarters of a mile, from the center of the explosion. Timbers fell around her as she landed and a shower of tiles also fell on her; everything became dark and she became buried. She heard a child cry "Mother,help me!" and she saw her youngest child, Mohawk the five year old buried up to her chest and unable to move. As Mrs. Nakamura started Frantically to claw her way toward the baby, she couldn't see or hear anything of her other children.

Affirmative Action Cannot Erase Years of Oppression :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

Affirmative Action Cannot Erase Years of Oppression For forty years the issue of affirmative action has been subject to a tremendous amount of debate and controversy. When President Kennedy proposed the idea of preferential treatment in 1961, the nation was in the midst of radical changes regarding civil liberties. It was a time when the injustices imposed upon minorities were beginning to be recongnized, and people wanted to make up for the years of oppression that served as a barrier for the advancement of minorities in America. At the time, the idea was morally justified and socially appropriate. While it is still a morally commendable effort today, the system has become an attempt to atone for the sins of our country's past, and a double standard that threatens every citizen's liberties. The first problem with affirmative action is the obvious fact that it is an attempt to end discrimination with discrimination. When a company or university discriminates against a white male for the sake of bettering the outcome of another racial group, an injustice occurs. Affirmative action is the governmental legislation of the active discrimination of one person over another—an unacceptable and dangerous double standard. Secondly, affirmative action seeks to reconcile the injustices of the past. The horrible atrocities of the past, including slavery and the refusal to grant women and minorities the right to vote, cast an ugly shadow on the history of our nation. But affirmative action cannot erase what our ancestors did years ago. Instead of trying to reconcile the oppression of the past, we should try to lend a hand to young minorities that want to learn and be successful, but lack the resources they need to accomplish their goals. Another issue concerning affirmative action is the stigma attached to the minorities themselves. Minorities are capable of getting the best jobs, obtaining admittance to the most prestigious schools, and being as successful as any white male has ever been. The problem occurs when people view them as inferior because of affirmative action--the attitude of "You couldn't do it on your own." These implications have a lasting, damaging effect on the mental well-being of minority students. How can anybody feel truly accomplished when a lingering doubt about the legitimacy of his achievements exists? Our society must learn to embrace diversity. People from a variety of different cultures and racial backgrounds have a lot to teach one another. The only way for this to happen is to maximize diversity on